REFERENCES


[A-C] [D-F] [G-I] [J-L] [M-O] [P-R] [S-U] [V-X] [Y-Z]


Akaogi, M., and S. Akimoto,Pyroxene-garnet solid solution equlibria in the system Mg4Si4O12 and Fe4Si4O12 at pressures and temperatures, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 15, 90-106, 1977.

Akaogi, M., and S. Akimoto, High pressure phase equlibria in garnet lherzolite, with special reference to Mg2+-Fe2+ partitioning among constituent minerals, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 19, 31-51, 1979.

Akaogi, M., A. Navrotsky, T. Yagi, and S. Akimoto, Pyroxene-garnet transformation: Thermochemistry ad elasticity of garnet solid solution, and application to a pyrolite mantle, in High-pressure Research in Mineral Physics, edited by M. H. Manghnani and Y. Syono, pp251-260, Terrapub, Tokyo / AGU, Whashington, D. C., 1987.

Anderson, O. L., D. G. Isaak, and H. Oda, High-temperature elastic constant data on minerals relevent to geophysics, Rev. Geophys., 30, 57-90, 1992.

Bass, J. D., and D. L. Anderson, Composition of the upper mantle: Geophysical tests of two petrological models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 11, 237-240, 1984.

Benz, H. M., and J. E. Vidale, The sharpness of upper mantle discontinuities determined from high frequency P'P' precursors, Nature, 365, 147-150, 1993.

Bessett, W.A., H. Shimizu, and E.M. Brody, Pressure dependence of elastic moduli of forsterite by Brillouin scattering in the diamond cell, in High-Pressure Research in Geophysics, edited by S. Akimoto and M.H. Manghnani, Center for Academic Publication, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 115-121, 1982.

Bina, C. R., and B. J. Wood, Olivine-spinel transitions: experimental and thermodynamic constraints for the nature of the 400 km seismic discontinuity, J. Geophys. Res., 92, 4853-4866, 1987.

Bina, C. R., Mutually consistent estimates of upper mantle composition from seismic velocity contrast at 400 km depth. PAGEOPH, 141, 101-109, 1993.

Birch, F., Elasticity and constitution of the Earth's interior, J. Geophys. Res., 57, 227-286, 1952.

Chen, G., B. Li, R.C. Liebermann, Selected elastic moduli of single-crystal olivines from ultrasonic experiments to mantle pressures, Science, 272, 979-980, 1996.

Christensen, N. C., Compressional wave velocities in possible mantle rocks to pressures of 30 kilobars, J. Geophy. Res., 79, 407-412, 1974.

Cook, R. K., Variation of elastic constants and static strains with hydrostatic pressure: A method for calculation from ultrasonic measurements, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 29, 445-449, 1957.

Davies, G. F., and A. M. Dziewonski, Homogeneity and constitution of the Earth's lower mantle and outer core, Phys. Earth. Planet. Inter., 10, 336-343, 1975.

Duffy, T. S., and D. L. Anderson, Seismic velocities in mantle minerals and the mineralogy of the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 1895-1912, 1989.

Duffy, T. S., C. S. Zha, R. T. Downs, H. K. Mao, and R. J. Hemley, Elasticity of forsterite to 16 GPa and the composition of the upper mantle, Nature, 378, 170-173,1995.

Dziewonski, A. M., and D. L. Anderson, Preliminary reference Earth Model, Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors, 25, 197-356, 1981.

Fei, Y., H. K. Mao, J. Shu, G. Parthasarathy, W. A. Bassett and J. Ko, Simultaneous high-P and high-T X-ray diffraction study of b-(Mg,Fe)2SiO4 to 26 GPa and 900 K. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 4489-4495, 1992.

Frisillo, A. L., and G. R. Barsch, Measurement of single-crystal elastic constants of bronzite as a function of pressure and temeprature, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 6360-6384, 1972.

Fritz, I. J., Pressure and temperature dependence of the elastic properties of rutile (TiO2), J. Phys. Chem. Solid, 35, 817-826, 1974.

Fujisawa, H. and E. Ito, Measurements of ultrasonic wave velocities of tungsten carbide as a standard material under high pressure, Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Ultrasonic Electronics, Tokyo, 1983 Japan. J. Applied Physics, 24, Supplement 24-1, pp. 103-105, 1985.

Fujisawa, H. and E. Ito, Measurements of ultrasonic wave velocities of in solid under high pressure, Proceedings of the 4th Symposium on Ultrasonic Electronics, Tokyo, 1983 Japan. J. Applied Physics, 23, Supplement 23-1, pp. 51-53, 1984.

Gasparik, T., Transformation of enstatite-diopside-jadeite pyroxenes to garnet, Contrib. Mineral. Petrol., 102, 389-405, 1989.

Gasparik, T., Phase relations in the transition zone, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15751-15769, 1990.

Gasparik, T., Melting experiments on the enstatite-pyrope join at 80-150 kbar, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15181-15188, 1992.

Gieske, J. H., and G. R. Barsch, Pressure dependence of the elastic constants of single crystalline aluminum oxide, Phys. Stat. Sol., 29, 121-131, 1966.

Goto, T., O. L. Anderson, I. Ohno, and S. Yamamoto, Elastic constants of corundum up to 1825 K, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 7588-7602, 1989.

Graham, E. K., and G. R. Barsch, Elastic constants of single-crystal forsterite as a function of temperature and pressure. J. Geophys. Res., 74, 5949-5960, 1969.

Grand, S., and D. Helmberger, Upper-mantle shear structure of North America, Geophy. J. R. Astro Soc., 76, 399-438, 1984.

Gwanmesia, G. D., R. C. Liebermann, and F. Guyot, Hot-pressing and characterization of polycrystals of b-Mg2SiO4 for acoustic velocity measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 17, 1331-1334, 1990a.

Gwanmesia G. D., S. M. Rigden, I. Jackson and R. C. Liebermann, Pressure dependence of elastic wave velocity for b-Mg2SiO4 and the composition of the Earth's mantle, Science, 250, 794-797, 1990b.

Gwanmesia, G. D., and R. C. Liebermann, Polycrystals of high-pressure phases of mantle minerals: Hot-pressing and characterization of physical properties, High Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, edited by Y. Syono and M. Manghnani, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 117-135, 1992.

Gwanmesia, G. D., B. Li, and R.C. Liebermann, Hot pressing of polycrystals of high pressure phases of mantle minerals in multi-anvil apparatus, Experimental Techniques in Mineral and Rock Physics, edited by . R. C. Liebermann, and C. H. Sondergeld, PAGEOPH, 141, 467-484, 1993.

Hugh-Jones, D. A., and R. J. Angel, A compressional study of MgSiO3 orthoenstatite up to 8.5 GPa, Amer. Min., 79, 405-410, 1994.

Irifune, T., An experimental investigation of the pyroxene-garnet transformation in a pyrolite composition and its bearing on the constitution of the mantle, Phy. Earth Planet. Inter., 45, 324-336, 1987.

Isaak, D. G., O. L. Anderson, and T. Goto, Elasticity of single-crystal forsterite measured to 1700 K, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 5895-5906, 1989.

Ito, E., and H. Yamada, Stability relations of silicate spinels, ilmenites and perovskites, in High-pressure research in geophysics, edited by S. Akimoto and M. H. Manghnani, 405-419, 1982.

Jackson, I, and H. Niesler, The operation menu for the ANU interferometer, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia, 1994.

Jackson, I., H. Niesler, and D. J. Weidner, Explicit correction of ultrasonically determined elastic wave velocities for transducer-bond phase shift, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 3736-3748, 1981.

Jackson, I. and H. Niesler, The elasticity of periclase to 3 GPa and some geophysical implications, in High Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, edited by M. Manghnani and Y. Syono, Terra Scientific Publishing Co., and American Geophysical Union, Tokyo and Washington, D. C, 1982.

Katsura, T., and E. Ito, The system Mg2SiO4-Fe2SiO4 at high pressures and temperatures:precise determination of stabilities of olivine, modified spinel and spinel, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 15663-15670, 1989.

Kinoshita, H., N. Hamaya, and H. Fujisawa, Elastic properties of single-crystal NaCl under high pressures to 80 kbar, J. Phys. Earth, 27, 337-350, 1979.

Knoche, R., S. L. Webb, and D. C. Rubie, Ultrasonic velocity to 10 GPa and 1500 oC in the multi-anvil press: Measurements in polycrystalline olivine. EOS, Amer. Geophy. Union, 76, Fall AGU Suppl. p.563, 1995.

Knoche R., S. L. Webb, D. C. Rubie, In situ measurement of sound velocities at mantle conditions, (abstract), US - Japan Seminar on High Pressure Research, Maui, January, 1996.

Kumazawa, M. and O. L. Anderson, Elastic moduli, pressure derivatives, and temperature derivatives of single-crystal olivine and single-crystal forsterite, J. Geophys. Res., 74, 5961-5972, 1969.

Kusaba, K., L. Galoisy, Y. Wang, M. T. Vaughan and D. J. Weidner, Determination of phase transition pressures of ZnTe under quasi-hydrostatic conditions, in Experimental Techniques in Mineral and Rock Physics, edited by R. C. Liebermann and C. H. Sondergeld, PAGEOPH, 141, 644-652, 1993.

Le Fevre, L. V., and D. V. Helmberger, Upper mantle P velocity structure of the Canadian shield, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 17749-17765, 1989.

Lees, A., M., Bukowinski, and R. Jeanloz, Reflection properties of phase transition and compositional change models of the 670 km discontinuity, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 8145-8159, 1983.

Li, B., R. C. Liebermann and I. Jackson, Measurements of elastic wave velocity of polycrystal Al2O3 to 10 GPa, EOS, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 75, Fall Meeting Suppl. p.596, 1994.

Li, B., R. C. Liebermann, G. D. Gwanmesia and I. Jackson, Elastic Wave velocities of mantle minerals to 10 GPa in multi-anvil apparatus by in situ ultrasonic techniques. EOS, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 76, Spring meeting , Suppl. p. 277, 1995a.

Li, B., R. C. Liebermann, I. Jackson and G. D. Gwanmesia, In situ ultrasonic measurements of elastic wave velocities of mantle minerals to 10 GPa in multi-anvil apparatus. Abstracts for IUGG XXI General Assembly, Boulder, Colorado, p 353, July ,1995b.

Li, B., G.D. Gwanmesia, and R.C. Liebermann, Elastic wave velocity of olivine and beta polymorphs of Mg2SiO4 at transition zone pressures, EOS, Trans. Amer. Geophys. Union, 76, Fall meeting Suppl. p. 619, 1995c.

Li, B., S. M. Rigden and R. C. Liebermann, Elasticity of stishovite at high pressure, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter. Ringwood Volume, edited by T. Irifune and S. Kesson, 96, 113-127, 1996a .

Li, B., I. Jackson, T. Gasparik, and R. C. Liebermann, Elastic wave velocity measurement in multi-anvil apparatus to 10 GPa using ultrasonic interferometry, Phys. Earth Planet Interi., 98, 79-91, 1996b.

Li, B., G.D. Gwanmesia, and R. C. Liebermann, Sound velocities of olivine and beta polymorphs of Mg2SiO4 at Earth's transition zone pressures, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 2259-2262, 1996c .

Li, B., G. Chen, G.D. Gwanmesia and R. C. Liebermann, Sound Velocity Measurements at Mantle Transition Zone Conditions of Pressure and Temperature Using Ultrasonic Interferometry in a Multi-Anvil Apparatus, in US - Japan Seminar on High Pressure Research, edited by M. H. Murghnani and Y. Syono, AGU, Whashington, D.C., (accepted), 1996d.

Liebermann, R.C., A. E. Ringwood, D.J. Mayson, and A. Major, Hot-pressing of polycrystalline aggregate at very high pressure for ultrasonic measurements, Proceedings of the 4th Conference on High Pressure, edited by J. Osugi, Physico-Chemical Society of Japan, Tokyo, pp. 495-502, 1975.

Liebermann, R.C., and Y. Wang, Characterization of sample environment in a uniaxial split-sphere apparatus, High Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, edited by Y. Syono and M. Manghnani, Terra Scientific Publishing Co., and American Geophysical Union, Tokyo and Washington, D. C., pp. 19-31, 1992.

Liu, L., The post-spinel phase of twelve silicates and germanates, in High Pressure Research: Application in geophysics, edited by M. H. Manghnani and S. Akimoto, Academic Press Inc., New York, pp. 245-253, 1977.

Liu, J., L. Topor, J. Zhang, A. Navrotsky, and R.C. Liebermann, Calorimetric study of coesite stishovite transformation and calculation of the phase boundary, Phys. Chem. Min., 23, 11-16, 1996.

Lloyd, E.C., Accurate Characterization of the high pressure environment, NBS Spec. Publ. No. 326, Washington D.C., pp. 1-3, 1971.

McSkimin, H. J., Ultrasonic measurement techniques applicable to small solid specimens. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 22, 413-418, 1950.

Meng, Y., D. J. Weidner, G. D. Gwanmesia, R. C. Liebermann, M. T. Vaughan, Y. Wang, K. Leinenweber, R. E. Pacalo, A. Yeganeh-Haeri and Y. Zhao, In-situ high P-T X-ray diffraction studies on three polymorphs (a, b, g) of Mg2SiO4. J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22199-22207, 1993.

Meng, Y., Y. Fei, D.J. Weidner, G.D. Gwanmesia, and J. Hu, Hydrostatic compression studies of g-Mg2SiO4 to mantle pressures and 700 K: Thermal equation of state and related thermoelastic properties, Phys. Chem Min., 21, 407-412, 1994.

Morgan, T., I. Jackson, and J. Fitz Gerald, Characteristic study of      polycrystalline alumina, 1996 (in preparation).

Niesler, H., and I. Jackson, Pressure derivatives of elastic wave velocities from ultrasonic interferometric measurements on jacketed polycrystals, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 86, 1573-1585, 1989.

Niesler H., and G. Fisher, Technique for ultrasonic measurement of samples at 2.0 GPa and 600 oC. High Temperatures - High Pressures, 24, 65-74, 1992.

Nolet G., S. P. Grand, and B. L. N. Kennett, Seismic heterogeneity in the upper mantle, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 23753-23766, 1994.

Rigden, S. M., I. Jackson, H. Niesler, R. C. Liebermann and A. E. Ringwood, Pressure dependence of the elastic wave velocities for Mg2GeO4 spinel up to 3 GPa, Geophys. Res. Lett., 15, 604-608, 1988.

Rigden, S. M., I. Jackson, R. C. Liebermann, and A.E. Ringwood, Elasticity of germanate and silicate spinels at high pressure, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 9999-10006, 1991.

Rigden, S. M., G. D. Gwanmesia, I. Jackson, and R. C. Liebermann, Progress in high-pressure ultrasonic interferometry, the pressure dependence of elasticity of Mg2SiO4 polymorphs and constraints on the composition of the transition zone of the Earth's mantle, in High Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, edited by Y. Syono and M. Manghnani, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp.167-182, 1992.

Rigden, S. M., G. D. Gwanmesia, and R. C. Liebermann, Elastic wave velocity of a pyrope-majorite garnet to 3 GPa, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 86,35-44, 1994.

Ringwood, A. E., Composition and petrology of the Earth's mantle, 618pp, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 1975.

Sammis, C., D. L. Anderson, and T. Jordan., Application of isotropic finite strain theory to ultrasonic and seismological data, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 4487-4480, 1970.

Sawamoto, H., Orthorhombic perovskite (Mg,Fe)SiO3 and constitution of the lower mantle, in High Pressure Research: Application in geophysics, edited by M. H. Manghnani and S. Akimoto, Academic Press Inc., New York, pp219-244, 1977.

Sawamoto, H., D. J. Weidner, S. Sasaki, M. Kumazawa, Single-crystal elastic properties of the modified-spinel (beta) phase of magnesium orthosilicate, Science, 224, 749-751, 1984.

Schreiber, E., and O.L. Anderson, Pressure derivatives of the sound velocities of polycrystalline alumina, J. Am. Ceramics Soc., 49, 184-190, 1966.

Shearer, P. M., Constraints on upper mantle discontinuities from observations of long-periods reflected and converted phases, J. Geophy. Res., 96, 18147-18182, 1991.

Shimizu, H., W. A. Bassett and E. M. Brody, Brillouin-scattering measurements of single-crystal forsterite to 40 kbar at room temperature, J. Appl., Phys., 53, 620-626, 1982.

Simmons, G., and H. Wang, Single Crystal Elastic Constants and Calculated Aggregate Properties: A Handbook, 370pp, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1971.

Spetzler, H., Equation of state of polycrystalline and single-crystal MgO to 8 kilobars and 800 oK, J. Geophys. Res., 75, 2073-2087, 1970.

Spetzler, H. A., G. Chen, S. Whitehead, and I. C. Getting, A new ultrasonic interferometer for the determination of equation of state parameters of sub-millimeter single crystals, in Experimental Techniques in Mineral and Rock Physics, edited by . R. C. Liebermann, and C. H. Sondergeld, PAGEOPH, 141, 341-377, 1993.

Stammler, K., R. Kind, G. L. Kosarev, A. Plesinger, J. Horalek, L. Qiyuan, and L. P. vinik, Broadband observations from of PS conversions from upper mantle in Eurisia, Geophys. J. Int., 105, 801-804, 1991.

Suito, K., M. Miyoshi, T. Sasakura, and H. Fujisawa, Elastic properties of obsidian, vitreous SiO2, and vitreous GeO2 under high pressure up to 6 GPa, High Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, edited by Y. Syono and M. Manghnani, Terra Scientific Publishing Co., and American Geophysical Union, Tokyo and Washington, D. C., pp. 219-225, 1992.

Sumino, Y., and O. L. Anderson, Elastic constants of minerals, in Handbook of physical properties of rocks, CRC Press, 39-128, 1984.

Susuki, I., Thermal expansion of periclase and olivine, and their anharmonic properties, J. Phys. Earth, 23, 145-159, 1975.

Walck, M. C., The P-wave upper mantle structure beneath an active spreading center: The Golf og California, Geophys. J. R., Astro. Soc., 76, 697-723, 1984.

Walker, D., Carpenter M. A., and Hitch C. M., Some simplifications to multi-anvil devices for high pressure experiments. Am. Mineral., 75, 1020-1028, 1990.

Wang, H. and G. Simmons, Elasticity of some mantle crystal structures: 1. Pleonaste and Hercynite spinel, J. Geophys. Res., 77, 4379-4392, 1972.

Wang, Y., R. C. Liebermann, and J. N. Boland, Olivine as an in situ piezometer in high pressure apparatus, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 15, 493-497, 1988.

Wang Y., D. J. Weidner, R. C. Liebermann, and Y. Zhao, P-V-T equation of state of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite: constraints on composition of the lower mantle, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 83, 13-40, 1994.

Wang, Y., D. J. Weidner, and F. Guyot, Thermal equation of state of CaSiO3 perovskite, J. Geophy. Res., 101, 661-672, 1996.

Watt, J. P., Elastic properties of polycrystalline minerals: comparison of theory and experiments, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 15, 579-587, 1988.

Webb, S. L., The elasticity of the upper mantle orthosilicates olivine and garnet to 3 GPa, Phys. Chem. Miner., 16, 684-692, 1989.

Weidner, D. J., H. Wnag, and E. Ito, Elasticity of orthoenstatite, phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 17, 7, 1978.

Weidner, D. J., H. Sawamoto, S. Sasaki, and M. Kumazawa, Singel crystal elastic properties of the spinel phase of Mg2SiO4, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 7852-7860, 1984.

Weidner, D. J., A mineral physics test of a pyrolite mantle, Geophys. Res. lett., 12, 417-420, 1985.

Weidner, D. J., Mantle models based on measured physical properties of minerals, in Chemistry and physics of terrestrial planets, edited by S. Saxena, Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp251-274, 1986.

Weidner, D. J., Elastic properties of Rocks and Minerals, in Methods of experimental physics, geophysics, edited by C. G. sammis and T. L. Henyey, New york, Academic Press, 1-30, 1987.

Weidner, D. J., and E. Ito, Mineral physics constraints on a uniform mantle composition in High Pressure Research in Minerals Physics, edited by M. H. Manghnani and Y. Syono, Terrapub, Tokyo, pp. 439-446, 1987.

Weidner, D. J., M.T. Vaughan, J. Ko, Y. Wang, X. Liu, A. Yeganeh-Haeri, R.E. Pacalo, and Y. Zhao, Characterization of stress, pressure, and temperature in SAM85, a DIA type high Pressure apparatus, in High Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, edited by Y. Syono and M. Manghnani, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp.13-17, 1992.

Yegareh-Haeri, A., D. J. Weidner, and E. Ito, Elasticity if MgSiO3 in perovskite structure, Science, 243, 787-789, 1989.

Yoneda, A. and M. Morioka, Pressure derivatives of elastic constants of single-crystal forsterite, in High Pressure Research: Application to Earth and Planetary Sciences, edited by Y. Syono and M. Manghnani, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 206-214, 1992.

Yoneda, A., Pressure derivatives of elastic constants of single crystal MgO and MgAl2O4, J. Phys. Earth, 38, 19-55, 1990.

Zaug, J. M., E. H. Abramson, J. M. Brown, L. J. Slutsky, Elastic constants, equation of state and thermal diffusivity at high pressure, in High Pressure research,: Applications to Earth and Planetary Sciences, edited by Y. Syono and M. Manghnani, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 157-166,1992.

Zaug, J. M., E. H. Abramson, J. M. Brown, L. J. Slutsky, Sound velocity in olivine at Earth mantle pressures, Science, 260, 1487-1490, 1993.

Zha, C. S., T. S. Duffy, R. T. Downs, H. K. Mao and R. J. Hemley, Sound velocity and elasticity of single-crystal forsterite to 16 GPa, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 17,535-17,545, 1996.

Zhang, J., B. Li, W. Utsumi, and R.C. Liebermann, In situ X-ray observations of the coesite-stishovite transition: reversed phase boundary and kinetics, Phys. Chem. Min., 23, 1-10, 1996.

Zhao, Y., D. Schiferl, T. J. Shankland, A high P-T single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of thermoelasticity of MgSiO3 orthoenstatite, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 22, 393-398, 1995.

[A-C] [D-F] [G-I] [J-L] [M-O] [P-R] [S-U] [V-X] [Y-Z]

 Return HOME